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Wednesday, April 17, 2013
Neutered Version of Facebook Chatheads Hits iOS
Brain development is guided by junk DNA that isn't really junk
Apr. 15, 2013 ? Specific DNA once dismissed as junk plays an important role in brain development and might be involved in several devastating neurological diseases, UC San Francisco scientists have found.
Their discovery in mice is likely to further fuel a recent scramble by researchers to identify roles for long-neglected bits of DNA within the genomes of mice and humans alike.
While researchers have been busy exploring the roles of proteins encoded by the genes identified in various genome projects, most DNA is not in genes. This so-called junk DNA has largely been pushed aside and neglected in the wake of genomic gene discoveries, the UCSF scientists said.
In their own research, the UCSF team studies molecules called long noncoding RNA (lncRNA, often pronounced as "link" RNA), which are made from DNA templates in the same way as RNA from genes.
"The function of these mysterious RNA molecules in the brain is only beginning to be discovered," said Daniel Lim, assistant professor of neurological surgery, a member of the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCSF, and the senior author of the study, published online April 11 in the journal Cell Stem Cell.
Alexander Ramos, a student enrolled in the MD/PhD program at UCSF and first author of the study, conducted extensive computational analysis to establish guilt by association, linking lncRNAs within cells to the activation of genes.
Ramos looked specifically at patterns associated with particular developmental pathways or with the progression of certain diseases. He found an association between a set of 88 long noncoding RNAs and Huntington's disease, a deadly neurodegenerative disorder. He also found weaker associations between specific groups of long noncoding RNAs and Alzheimer's disease, convulsive seizures, major depressive disorder and various cancers.
"Alex was the team member who developed this new research direction, did most of the experiments, and connected results to the lab's ongoing work," Lim said. The study was mostly funded through Lim's grant - a National Institutes of Health (NIH) Director's New Innovator Award, a competitive award for innovative projects that have the potential for unusually high impact.
Unlike messenger RNA, which is transcribed from the DNA in genes and guides the production of proteins, lncRNA molecules do not carry the blueprints for proteins. Because of this fact, they were long thought to not influence a cell's fate or actions.
Nonetheless, lncRNAs also are transcribed from DNA in the same way as messenger RNA, and they, too, consist of unique sequences of nucleic acid building blocks.
Evidence indicates that lncRNAs can tether structural proteins to the DNA-containing chromosomes, and in so doing indirectly affect gene activation and cellular physiology without altering the genetic code. In other words, within the cell, lncRNA molecules act "epigenetically" -- beyond genes -- not through changes in DNA.
The brain cells that the scientists focused on the most give rise to various cell types of the central nervous system. They are found in a region of the brain called the subventricular zone, which directly overlies the striatum. This is the part of the brain where neurons are destroyed in Huntington's disease, a condition triggered by a single genetic defect.
Ramos combined several advanced techniques for sequencing and analyzing DNA and RNA to identify where certain chemical changes happen to the chromosomes, and to identify lncRNAs on specific cell types found within the central nervous system. The research revealed roughly 2,000 such molecules that had not previously been described, out of about 9,000 thought to exist in mammals ranging from mice to humans.
In fact, the researchers generated far too much data to explore on their own. The UCSF scientists created a website through which their data can be used by others who want to study the role of lncRNAs in development and disease.
"There's enough here for several labs to work on," said Ramos, who has training grants from the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) and the NIH.
"It should be of interest to scientists who study long noncoding RNA, the generation of new nerve cells in the adult brain, neural stem cells and brain development, and embryonic stem cells," he said.
Other co-authors who worked on the study include UCSF postdoctoral fellows Aaron Diaz, PhD, Abhinav Nellore, PhD, Michael Oldham, PhD, Jun Song, PhD, Ki-Youb Park, PhD, and Gabriel Gonzales-Roybal, PhD; and MD/PhD student Ryan Delgado. Additional funders of the study included the Sontag Foundation and the Sandler Foundation.
UCSF is a leading university dedicated to promoting health worldwide through advanced biomedical research, graduate-level education in the life sciences and health professions, and excellence in patient care.
###
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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of California, San Francisco (UCSF).
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.
Journal Reference:
- Alexander D. Ramos, Aaron Diaz, Abhinav Nellore, Ryan N. Delgado, Ki-Youb Park, Gabriel Gonzales-Roybal, Michael C. Oldham, Jun S. Song, Daniel A. Lim. Integration of Genome-wide Approaches Identifies lncRNAs of Adult Neural Stem Cells and Their Progeny In Vivo. Cell Stem Cell, 2013 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2013.03.003
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.
Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.
Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/health_medicine/genes/~3/Lj8DVrDLFOg/130415172010.htm
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Lodsys Publishes May 2011 Legal Response to Apple's Challenge ...
Over the past two years, a number of app developers have been contacted by patent holding firm Lodsys, demanding licenses for and in some cases filing suit over patents related to in-app purchasing and other functionalities. Earlier this month, Lodsys gained renewed attention when it began a new round of lawsuits targeting a number of developers large and small, including Disney and Gameloft.
At the time of Lodsys' initial effort to extract licenses from App Store developers, Apple's General Counsel Bruce Sewell sent a letter to Lodsys backing App Store developers and claiming that Apple was "undisputedly licensed" to Lodsys' patents through an arrangement that also protected app developers. Apple later requested and was given limited permission to intervene in at least some legal proceedings on behalf of targeted developers.
Lodsys had responded to Apple's claims of protection for developers with both public blog posts and a private legal response to Apple in May 2011, and Lodsys had encouraged Apple to publish that legal response, but Apple apparently declined to do so.
In response to requests from developers seeking more information from Lodsys on the basis for its claims, Lodsys today released a redacted version of its initial legal response to Apple, dated May 31, 2011. Redactions include the removal of specific discussion of Apple's license terms with Lodsys.
The letter outlines a number of arguments as to why developers are not covered by Apple's license with Lodsys, pointing to Apple's own developer program agreements that strictly limit its relationships with developers to agency appointments rather than any broader business agreements.
First, you assert that, "[u]nder its license, Apple is entitled to offer these licensed products and services to its customers and business partners, who, in turn, have the right to use them." May 23 Letter at 1 (emphasis added). But, based on our review of [sic] publically available information, we understand that Apple expressly disclaims that App Makers are "business partners."The response from Lodsys then proceeds to walk through six other arguments against Apple's claim that app developers are protected through Apple's license, including discussions of sublicensing, Apple's express disclaimer of any ownership interest in third-party apps, Apple's insistence that developers are solely responsible for liabilities related to their apps, and pass-through licensing issues.
Nearly two years later, the initial dispute remains unresolved, and Lodsys continues to contact developers in order to obtain licenses to its technologies with over 200 entities large and small now licensed for Lodsys' patents. Many smaller developers have found it simpler to agree to licenses representing small percentages of their revenue rather than face the prospect of lawsuits from Lodsys, but others remain in the crosshairs as Lodsys continues to stake its claims.
Source: http://www.macrumors.com/2013/04/16/lodsys-publishes-may-2011-legal-response-to-apples-challenge/
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Monday, April 15, 2013
Require Information On Payday Cash Loans? Look At These Tips ...
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Yangtze Cruise, The Best Choice For The Tour In Yangtze Three ...
The best way of the tour for the Three Gorges on the Yangtze River is in Yangtze cruises. According to the area of the Three Gorges, the tour could be divided into three ways which are the downstream, upper stream and the short-term tour. The downstream tour is from Chongqing to Yi Chang. And the upstream tour is from Yi Chang to Chongqing. Of course, the short-term Three Gorges tour is from Yi Chang to Feng Jie and then return.
As we all know, taking a luxury Yangtze River cruise is the most extravagant experience and one of the most enjoyable ways to travel on board. We can enjoy eating and drinking or enjoy the beautiful scenery surrounded by leisure. And the Yangtze River cruise will be held on board a dazzling variety of activities and the journey will be no longer boring. The docked locations of Yangtze cruise ship are all scenic. For the shore tour, we could neither take with our luggage all the way back and forth nor the change for the hotel every few days. The entirely tour would become more relaxing and comfortable. And luxury cruise nowadays is all five-star or four-star. The Yangtze cruise can meet the need of the visitors who are in a variety of identities.
From the feedback of each visitor who has experienced the Yangtze River cruise, the YATOUR Co., Ltd which is the best Yangtze river cruises agent in China is the best choice for visitors who want to tour the Yangtze River. They have cruises such as the Victoria cruises, President Cruise, Yangtze gold cruise and new century cruises. Clients have the highly praise for this company. The website of this company is http://www.yangtzemart.com/ .
If you want to take a luxury foreign cruise for the tour of the Three Gorges, you could choose the cruise ships of the YATOUR Co., Ltd such as the Yangtze River cruise, the Victoria cruise, the United States Victoria cruise, the century cruise, the president cruise and so on. The price of the tickets is from 267 USD to one thousand USD. There are many different grades of cruise ships originated from Chongqing and Yi Chang port every day. The body of the luxury cruise is commonly very huge. The interior decoration of it is very luxury. The service standard of the employees of the cruises is higher than the normal standard. Catering species of it are diverse. The snacks are readily available. The entertainment facilities on board are pretty good. The safety and security are in place. Most of the boat rooms have a balcony and we could direct view the beautiful scenery from the sitting room.
The tour on the victoria cruises will be the exciting experience for each visitor who wants to have a trip on the Yangtze River. It is also the most convenient way for us to take a visit to the beautiful sites along the Yangtze River.
About the Author:
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Sunday, April 14, 2013
Spring storm socks Midwest, Deep South
JACKSON, Miss. (AP) ? A powerful spring storm unleashed tornadoes and winds strong enough to peel the roofs from homes in the Deep South and heaped snow and ice on the Midwest, killing three people and leaving thousands without power.
Emergency officials said one person was killed by a tornado in Mississippi. In Missouri, a utility worker repairing power lines was electrocuted, and a woman in Nebraska died when she tried to trudge through a blinding snowstorm from her broken-down car to her house a mile away.
Golf-ball and baseball-sized hail pelted parts of Georgia and the Carolinas late Thursday. The second day of play at the Masters at Augusta National in eastern Georgia began as scheduled Friday morning, though, and skies had cleared by the afternoon. The course was a bit wet but otherwise undamaged.
High winds knocked down trees and power lines across the Southeast, though the storm had mostly moved out of the region by Friday morning. Sleet and freezing rain made driving treacherous in northern New York, where several schools closed and scores of others delayed the start of classes.
In Mississippi, Emergency Management Agency spokesman Greg Flynn said that one person died and 10 people were injured after a tornado struck Kemper County in the far-eastern part of the state on Thursday. Authorities said the man was killed when the tornado ripped apart a business.
At Contract Fabricators Inc. in Kemper County, bent pieces of tin hung from the heavily damaged building. A tractor-trailer was twisted and overturned, and debris from the business was strewn through the woods across the street.
Derek Cody, an amateur storm chaser who works at East Mississippi Community College in Scooba, just south of Shuqualak (pronounced SHUG-a-lock), told The Associated Press he drove north on Thursday to the small town to try to catch a glimpse of a tornado there.
Cody said the center of Shuqualak, an eastern Mississippi town of 500 people, was unaffected. But he said a gas station and about 10 or so houses west of the town center were damaged. He said one house was "completely flattened" with debris blown across the road.
Charlotte Conner, 47, and her mother were in a small, concrete block apartment on her family's property in Shuqualak in Noxubee County when the twister mowed it to the ground. The building, an old country store converted to an apartment, was reduced to a heap of broken concrete blocks and boards.
Conner said in a telephone interview Friday that she grabbed her mother's hand to keep the woman from being sucked out of the house. The two women had injured knees, scratches and bruises, and Conner had five stitches in her chin.
"I feel like I've been run over by an elephant and a train, but we're alive," Conner said. "It was just the hand of God that kept us safe."
Conner's aunt, Cindy Moore, 56, worried that the two women had been killed when she saw the roof of the concrete block building they were in hung in trees across the street in Shuqualak and their belongings scattered in the yard.
In Alabama, officials confirmed a tornado with winds up to 120 mph blew through a rural stretch east of Montgomery. Two weaker tornadoes touched down in Huntsville ? about 190 miles north of Notasulga, where an EF-2 tornado hit. No one was hurt in the state, though damage was scattered across several counties.
Friday morning light showed there wasn't much left of the two-story home near Notasulga that 41-year-old James Brooks shared with his wife, Billieanne, and their three children.
With the lights out and the storm bearing down on the home, Brooks said he went to the kitchen to get a candle. Loud thunder rumbled continuously, and he dove to the floor.
Then, he said, "The house exploded."
Much of Brooks' roof was missing afterward, his wooden workshop was gone and linens hung across bare rafters. His two boats were damaged along with two cars and two trucks; the trampoline was in the neighbor's yard.
"What can we do?" asked Brooks, who built the home.
The system first swept across the nation's midsection Wednesday night and pummeled portions of Missouri. An EF-2 tornado, which generally carries winds of 113 mph to 157 mph, appears to have damaged dozens of homes in the St. Louis suburb of Hazelwood and more than 23,000 homes and businesses lost power, the National Weather Service said Thursday. A utility worker for Ameren Missouri was electrocuted while helping to repair damage, the company said.
In the upper Midwest over the past couple of days, heavy, wet snow, ice and wind left thousands of homes and businesses without power. Some rivers topped their banks in Michigan, forcing officials to close roads and some residents to evacuate their homes.
In Wisconsin, authorities in Kenosha County on Friday closed a section of State Highway 75 as they kept an eye on a levee that was in danger of failing because of heavy rains.
As South Dakota residents start to clean up after a major spring storm brought freezing rain and heavy snow that snapped tree branches, residents of North Dakota were bracing for another wallop.
North Dakota could see freezing rain and as much as a foot of snow this weekend, the National Weather Service said. Strong winds could accompany the storm, creating near-blizzard conditions and making travel hazardous.
___
Associated Press writers Jim Suhr and Jim Salter in St. Louis; Jeff Amy in Jackson, Miss.; David Runk in Detroit; Kathy Wingard in Notasulga, Ala.; and Jay Reeves in Birmingham, Ala., contributed to this report.
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/spring-storm-socks-midwest-deep-south-3-dead-143748114.html
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Velocity Micro Vector Z25
The Velocity Micro Vector Z25 ($999 list) is a midtower PC with all the goods. It comes from a company that knows how to build a very good PC with a great bang for the buck, and it succeeds again with the Vector Z25, which earns the Editor's Choice winning midrange desktop PC. It has the power to quickly complete multimedia tasks (photo and video), while keeping a little in reserve for moderate to hardcore gaming. It's the kind of PC that you would've paid $2,500 for in the old days, and for that type of user it comes highly recommended.
Design and Features
The Vector Z25 comes in a fairly standard looking black steel mid tower chassis, which is a departure from more flashy windowed cases like the one on the Velocity Micro Vector Campus Edition (2012) ($999). This is a system for those who want more performance than flash, though the system's LED-lit cooling fans will give you a small hint of the Vector Z25's performance.
Inside the chassis, you'll find an Intel Core i5-3470 processor, 8GB of memory, a 1TB SATA hard drive with supplementary 32GB mSATA caching SSD, a DVD burner, and a Nvidia GeForce GTX 650 graphics card. The system isn't quite planted in gaming PC territory, but it is more powerful than your run-of-the-mill midrange PC. There's room for one additional hard drive and an optical drive in the chassis, and space for two more memory DIMMs on the motherboard. PCIe expansion is limited to two PCIe X1 slots, since the GeForce GTX 650 fills two physical slots. The 32GB mSATA card fills the motherboard's Mini Card slot. There are three SATA ports free for future internal drives. The system's 500W power supply is sufficient for a mid-level enthusiast card like the GTX 650, but consider a more robust PSU if you want to eventually put in a high-end card like the GTX 680. All in all, this is about as much as you can expect from a midrange system like the Vector Z25.
Outside the chassis, you'll find a very good selection of I/O ports, including four USB 3.0 ports, three USB 2.0 ports, an eSATA port, Ethernet, S/PDIF audio, analog audio, two DVI ports, and a mini-HDMI port. The DVI and mini-HDMI ports are on the graphics card, with the remainder on the motherboard's back panel and on the side of the system. The power button on the right hand side near the bottom of the chassis is somewhat awkward to reach if you have the system on the floor to your right. However, the system is small enough that it may fit on your desk, making it easier to reach the power and reset buttons.
The system comes with no bloatware or trialware installed, save the standard set of Windows 8 apps and the driver software that comes with the GeForce GTX 650 card. This is a boon, as the system comes with a relatively light 1TB hard drive. Sure, there's lots of space for your programs and documents, but at almost $1,000 we're starting to expect 2TB or more. The 32GB mSATA SSD isn't visible to the end user, it's primarily there to speed up repetitive tasks like waking from sleep or reopening recently closed apps.
Performance
The Vector Z25 also handily beats the former midrange Editor's Choice Gateway DX4870-UR11P ($849.99) at all comparable tests aside from CineBench. We wouldn't worry too much over that loss as CineBench measures 3D rendering using the CPU, something that most hobbyists don't do on a day-to-day basis. The Vector Z25 is ready for just about anything a mainstream or enthusiast will throw at it, save possibly hardcore gaming on a large screen at the highest quality settings. For that type of gaming you're probably want to go for a dedicated gaming rig.
If you're the type of user with the old school mindset who really requires a discrete graphics card and powerful processor to do your work, then the Velocity Micro Vector Z25 is the affordable choice. It has the power to do multimedia creation, and has moderate gaming capability, which is something beyond our former EC for midrange desktops, the Gateway DX4870-UR11P. With its mix of performance and future expandability, the Vector Z25 is our Editors' Choice for midrange desktop PCs.
BENCHMARK TEST RESULTS
COMPARISON TABLE
Compare the Velocity Micro Vector Z25 with several other desktops side by side.
More desktop reviews:
??? Velocity Micro Vector Z25
??? Gateway DX4870-UB17
??? iBuypower Revolt R770
??? Acer Aspire AT3-600-UR11
??? Lenovo C540
?? more
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